Gestina Aliska, Rianto Setiabudy, Purwantyastuti Purwantyastuti, Anis Karuniawati, Rudyanto Sedono, Trisni U. Dewi, Muhammad Khifzhon Azwar
2017
3
en
7
BACKGROUND: Amikacin is one of the antibiotics of choice for sepsis and septic shock. Pharmacokinetic of amikacin can be influenced by septic condition with subsequent effect on its pharmacodynamic. At Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), Jakarta, adult patients in the ICU were given standard amikacin dose of 1 g/day, however the achievement of optimal plasma level had never been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate whether the optimal plasma level of amikacin was achieved with the use of standard dose in septic conditions. METHODS: all septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a national tertiary hospital receiving standard dose of 1g/day IV amikacin during May-September 2015 were included in this study. Information of minimum inhibitory concentration MIC was obtained from microbial culture. Cmax of amikacin was measured 30 minutes after administration and optimal level was calculated. Optimal amikacin level was considered achieved when Cmax/MIC ratio >8. RESULTS: average Cmax achieved for all patients was 86.4 (43.5-238) µg/mL with 87% patients had Cmax of >64 µg/mL.MIC data were available for 7 of 23 patients. MICs for identified pathogens were 0.75 - >256 µg/mL (K. pneumonia), 0.75 - >256 µg/mL(A. baumanii), 1.5 - >256 µg/mL (P. aeruginosa)and 0.75 - 16 µg/mL(E. coli). Four out of seven patients achieved optimal amikacin level. CONCLUSION: despite high Cmax, only half of the patients achieved optimal amikacin level with highly variable Cmax. This study suggests that measurement of Cmax and MIC are important to optimize septic patients management.
— Terkait
Charles L. Daley, Jonathan M. Iaccarino, Christoph Lange, Emmanuelle Cambau, Richard J. Wallace et al.
European Respiratory Journal · European Respiratory Society
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent over 190 species and subspecies, some of which can produce disease in humans of all ages and can affect both pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites. This guideline focuses on pulmonary disease in adults (without cystic fibrosis or human immunodeficiency virus infection) caused by the most common NTM pathogens such as Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium kansasii , and Mycobacterium xenopi among the slowly growing NTM and Mycobacterium abscessus among the rapidly growing NTM. A panel of experts was
Charles L. Daley, Jonathan M. Iaccarino, Christoph Lange, Emmanuelle Cambau, Richard J. Wallace et al.
Clinical Infectious Diseases · Oxford University Press
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent over 190 species and subspecies, some of which can produce disease in humans of all ages and can affect both pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites. This guideline focuses on pulmonary disease in adults (without cystic fibrosis or human immunodeficiency virus infection) caused by the most common NTM pathogens such as Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium xenopi among the slowly growing NTM and Mycobacterium abscessus among the rapidly growing NTM. A panel of experts was carefully
Fabio Silvio Taccone, Pierre‐François Laterre, Thierry Dugernier, Herbert Spapen, Isabelle Delattre et al.
Critical Care · BioMed Central
INTRODUCTION: Altered pharmacokinetics (PK) in critically ill patients can result in insufficient serum β-lactam concentrations when standard dosages are administered. Previous studies on β-lactam PK have generally excluded the most severely ill patients, or were conducted during the steady-state period of treatment. The aim of our study was to determine whether the first dose of piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, and meropenem would result in adequate serum drug concentrations in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. METHODS: Open, prospective, multicenter study
Scott L. Weiss, Mark Peters, Waleed Alhazzani, Michael S. D. Agus, Heidi R. Flori et al.
Intensive Care Medicine · Springer Science+Business Media
Esteban Beltrán-Gracia, Adolfo López-Camacho, Inocencio Higuera‐Ciapara, Jesús Bernardino Velázquez-Fernández, Alba Adriana Vallejo‐Cardona
Cancer Nanotechnology · BioMed Central
Abstract Background In recent years, disease treatment has evolved strategies that require increase in pharmaceutical agent’s efficacy and selectivity while decreasing their toxicity in normal tissues. These requirements have led to the development of nanoscale liposome systems for drug release. This review focuses on lipid features, pharmacological properties of liposomal formulations and the clinical studies of their application. Main body Several lipids are available, but their properties could affect pharmacological or clinical efficiency of drug formulations. Many liposomal formulations have
Quintin McKellar, Sergio Sánchez Bruni, Douglas Jones
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics · Wiley
The rise in incidence of antimicrobial resistance, consumer demands and improved understanding of antimicrobial action has encouraged international agencies to review the use of antimicrobial drugs. More detailed understanding of relationships between the pharmacokinetics (PK) of antimicrobial drugs in target animal species and their action on target pathogens [pharmacodynamics (PD)] has led to greater sophistication in design of dosage schedules which improve the activity and reduce the selection pressure for resistance in antimicrobial therapy. This, in turn, may be informative